Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s medieval grandeur. Known as the second capital of ancient Sri Lanka after the fall of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa thrived between the 11th and 13th centuries. The city flourished under the reign of King Parakramabahu I, who transformed it into a magnificent metropolis adorned with exquisite palaces, intricately carved temples, and massive reservoirs. Today, Polonnaruwa is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, nature lovers, and anyone intrigued by Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage.
Historical Significance
Polonnaruwa is steeped in history, offering visitors a window into the advanced engineering and architectural skills of the ancient Sri Lankans. The city is home to some of the most well-preserved relics from the country’s medieval period. From the awe-inspiring Gal Viharaya, with its massive stone Buddha statues, to the Sacred Quadrangle, which houses the iconic Vatadage, Polonnaruwa exudes historical richness. These monuments, crafted with remarkable precision, provide a glimpse into the island’s religious and royal traditions.
- Gal Viharaya: This renowned rock temple houses four Buddha statues carved out of a single granite rock, displaying various postures — standing, reclining, and seated. The detailing of these statues showcases the artistry and craftsmanship of Polonnaruwa’s ancient sculptors.
- The Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu I: Once a massive structure with seven stories, this palace is a reminder of the city’s grandeur and political importance. Though only the foundations and a few pillars remain, they hint at the scale and splendor of medieval Sri Lankan architecture.
- The Parakrama Samudraya: This vast reservoir, also called the “Sea of Parakrama,” was built by King Parakramabahu to supply water to the city and its surrounding farmlands. The engineering marvel is still functional today, a testament to the advanced hydraulic systems of the time.
Exploring the Polonnaruwa Area
While Polonnaruwa itself is a historical gem, the surrounding area also offers a diverse range of activities and natural attractions. From wildlife adventures to serene lake views, there’s plenty to explore.
- Minneriya National Park: Located just a short drive from Polonnaruwa, Minneriya National Park is famous for the spectacular gathering of elephants that takes place during the dry season. Herds of over 300 elephants come together around the Minneriya Tank to drink water, offering visitors a rare opportunity to witness these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.
- The Polonnaruwa Museum: This modern museum provides excellent insight into the history, culture, and architecture of the ancient city. With detailed models, artifacts, and interpretive panels, it serves as a perfect starting point for understanding the significance of the ruins scattered around the city.
- Cycling Tour of Polonnaruwa: One of the best ways to explore the vast archaeological site is by bicycle. Visitors can leisurely ride through the well-preserved ruins, stopping to admire the intricate carvings and ancient structures. The flat terrain makes cycling an easy and enjoyable way to navigate the site.
- Kiri Vehera Dagoba: Another must-visit in the area is the whitewashed Kiri Vehera, which was built by King Parakramabahu. This massive stupa stands as one of the largest in Polonnaruwa, representing the grandeur of Buddhist architecture in the medieval era.
- Parakrama Samudraya Boat Tour: For those looking to relax, a boat tour on the Parakrama Samudraya is an ideal way to unwind. The scenic beauty of the reservoir surrounded by lush greenery and distant views of the ancient city is perfect for photography and bird watching.
Why Visit Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa offers a unique blend of historical exploration and natural beauty. The ruins, with their intricate carvings and colossal structures, tell stories of a bygone era, while the surrounding landscape adds tranquility to the experience. For those interested in history, architecture, or simply the majesty of Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage, Polonnaruwa is an essential stop on your journey through the island.
Whether you spend your days cycling through ancient ruins, marveling at centuries-old sculptures, or watching elephants gather at Minneriya, Polonnaruwa provides a rich and immersive experience that will leave a lasting impression on any visitor.
With this guide, visitors to the Ceylon Travel Guide website can plan a perfect trip to Polonnaruwa, fully appreciating its medieval marvels and the vibrant ecosystem that surrounds it.
Introduction: Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands as one of the most magnificent medieval capitals in Sri Lanka. Known for its grand palaces, elaborate temples, and intricately carved sculptures, this ancient city invites travelers to explore the remains of a once-thriving kingdom. This travel plan covers a comprehensive visit to Polonnaruwa, highlighting key historical and natural landmarks, along with essential tips to enrich your experience.
A Detailed Travel Plan for Ceylon Travel Guide in Polonnaruwa
Day 1: Arrival and Exploration of the Ancient City
Morning:
- Arrival at Polonnaruwa:
- Check into a local guesthouse or hotel near the archaeological site, such as Giritale Hotel or The Lake House. These offer beautiful views and easy access to the ancient city.
- Polonnaruwa Archaeological Museum:
- Start your journey by visiting the museum to gain insight into the rich history of Polonnaruwa. The museum provides detailed models of how the city once looked and exhibits artifacts excavated from the site.
Mid-Morning:
- Royal Palace Complex:
- Walk through the grand ruins of the Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu I. The palace, though in ruins, is a testament to the grandeur of this kingdom. Explore the Audience Hall and Kumara Pokuna (Royal Bath), notable for their intricate carvings.
- Quadrangle (Dalada Maluwa):
- The Sacred Quadrangle is the spiritual heart of Polonnaruwa, featuring numerous iconic structures such as the Vatadage (circular relic house), Thuparama Gedige, and the intricately carved Hatadage.
Afternoon:
- Lunch at a Local Restaurant:
- Stop at a restaurant like Priyamali Gedara, famous for traditional Sri Lankan rice and curry, with some local flavors from the Polonnaruwa region.
Early Afternoon:
- Gal Vihara:
- One of the most awe-inspiring stops on the tour, Gal Vihara features four Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock. These statues are considered masterpieces of Sinhalese stone carving.
Evening:
- Parakrama Samudraya:
- As the day cools down, head to the majestic Parakrama Samudraya (Sea of Parakrama), an ancient irrigation reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I. You can enjoy a peaceful boat ride or simply walk along the banks while taking in the sunset views.
- Dinner & Relaxation:
- Enjoy a relaxed dinner at your hotel or a local restaurant. Consider trying Lotus Lodge for a more serene experience with a view of the lake.
Day 2: Exploring the Surrounding Areas of Polonnaruwa
Morning:
- Minneriya National Park:
- Start your day early with a safari at Minneriya National Park, famous for its large herds of elephants, especially during “The Gathering” (July to October). The park is home to various wildlife, including leopards, deer, and a diverse bird population. A 3-hour safari will take you through the rich biodiversity of the region.
Mid-Morning:
- Rankoth Vehera:
- On your return to Polonnaruwa, stop by Rankoth Vehera, the largest stupa in the city. Built by King Nissanka Malla, it offers a peaceful atmosphere for reflection and photography.
Afternoon:
- Lunch at Polonnaruwa Rest House:
- Savor a meal at Polonnaruwa Rest House, known for its colonial charm and location overlooking the Parakrama Samudraya.
Early Afternoon:
- Pothgul Vihara & Statue of King Parakramabahu:
- This library monastery complex, Pothgul Vihara, is where monks once studied and preserved ancient texts. Nearby, you will see the impressive Statue of King Parakramabahu, one of the most iconic statues in Sri Lanka.
Evening:
- Cycling Tour of the City:
- Rent a bicycle and take a leisurely ride through the ancient ruins, which is an eco-friendly and popular way to explore the vast Polonnaruwa site. As the sun sets, the ruins take on a golden hue, providing a tranquil end to your day.
Day 3: Cultural Immersion and Relaxation
Morning:
- Polonnaruwa Village Tour:
- Immerse yourself in the local culture by participating in a Polonnaruwa Village Tour. Visit rural homes, learn about traditional farming methods, and enjoy a home-cooked meal prepared by local villagers.
Mid-Morning:
- Dimbulagala Monastery:
- Explore the Dimbulagala Monastery, a spiritual retreat nestled in the mountains near Polonnaruwa. The rock cave temple is known for its serene atmosphere and stunning views of the surrounding plains.
Afternoon:
- Relax at Your Hotel:
- After a busy morning, spend the afternoon relaxing at your hotel or by the pool. If your accommodation is near Parakrama Samudraya, you can enjoy the serene lakeside views.
Evening:
- Dinner and Cultural Show:
- End your stay with a traditional Sri Lankan dinner and a Cultural Show at a local venue, showcasing Kandyan dance, traditional drumming, and fire dancing performances.
Travel Tips:
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Polonnaruwa is during the dry season from April to September, though December to March is also a pleasant time for travel.
- Dress Code: When visiting temples and ancient ruins, ensure you dress modestly. Covered shoulders and long pants are recommended, especially when entering sacred sites.
- Guided Tours: Hiring a local guide for the ancient city tour can enhance your understanding of Polonnaruwa’s rich history.
- Transport: Cycling is a popular and eco-friendly way to explore the ruins. Tuk-tuks and private cars are also available for hire.
Conclusion:
Polonnaruwa offers an unforgettable journey through Sri Lanka’s medieval history, with its grand architecture, serene temples, and natural beauty. Whether you are a history enthusiast or a nature lover, this travel plan ensures a well-rounded and enriching experience in the heart of Sri Lanka’s Cultural Triangle.
Essential Sri Lankan Travel Advice:
Stay Informed with the Official Government Website
Planning a trip to Sri Lanka? Visit the official Sri Lankan government travel advice website at www.srilanka.travel for up-to-date information on travel requirements, safety tips, and health guidelines. Stay informed about any travel advisories to ensure a smooth and safe journey. Always check the website before traveling for the latest updates!